Isnin, 28 Januari 2013
Latihan 2 Bab 2 Tingkatan 4
BAB 2
POLITIK
1.1 Pemerintahan dan Pentadbiran
Tamadun Yunani
(a) Huraikan ciri-ciri pemerintahan negara kota Athens sebelum sistem demokrasi diperkenalkan. (m/s 42-43)
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(b) Terangkan sistem demokrasi di Athens. m/s 43
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(c) Huraikan sistem pemerintahan yang diamalkan di Sparta. m/s 43
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Tamadun Rom
(d) Huraikan ciri-ciri sistem pemerintahan republik tamadun Rom. m/s 43-44
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(e) Terangkan sistem pemerintahan empayar dalam tamadun Rom. m/s 44
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(f) Apakah Pax Ramona? m/s 44
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Tamadun India
(g) Jelaskan sistem pemerintahan Empayar Maurya di India. (ms. 44-45)
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Tamadun China
(h) Huraikan sistem pemerintahan Dinasti Chin dan Dinasti Han di China. (ms. 45)
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1.2 Perundangan
Tamadun Yunani
(a) Huraikan sistem perundangan tamadun Yunani. (m/s 46)
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Tamadun Rom
(b) Huraikan sistem perundangan tamadun Rom. (m/s 46)
Undang-undang bertulis
Undang-undang pertama – Hukum Kanun 12
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Kod undang-undang Rom
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Undang-undang Rom terdiri tiga cabang
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prinsip-prinsip undang-undang Rom
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Tamadun India
(c) Huraikan sistem perundangan tamadun India. (m/s 46-47)
Kitab Dharma Sastra
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Zaman Dinasti Maurya
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Tamadun China
(d) Huraikan sistem perundangan tamadun China. (m/s 47)
Berteraskan dua prinsip
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Berteraskan falsafah legalisme
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Bertentangan dengan undang-undang yang berasaskan ajaran Confucius
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1.3 Perluasan Kuasa
Tamadun Yunani
(a) Namakan tokoh-tokoh yang memainkan peranan penting dalam perluasan kuasa di Yunani. (m/s 48)
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(b) Sebutkan kawasan yang dikuasai oleh Alexander the Great. (m/s 48)
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(c) Sebutkan kesan perluasan kuasa tamadun Yunani. (m/s 48)
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Tamadun Rom
(a) Namakan tokoh yang memainkan peranan penting dalam perluasan kuasa di Rom.
( m/s 49)
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(b) Nyatakan negara atau kawasan yang terdapat dalam empayar Rom semasa
perluasan kuasa zaman pemerintahan Augustus Caesar. (m/s 49)
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Tamadun India
(a) Namakan tokoh-tokoh yang memainkan peranan penting dalam perluasan kuasa di India. (m/s 49)
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(b) Apakah cara perluasan kuasa Chandragupta Maurya di India?
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c) Apakah kawasan yang dikuasai Chandragupta Maurya? (m/s 49)
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d) Nyatakan kejayaan Bindusara. m/s 49
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e) Nyatakan cara-cara perluasan kuasa Asoka di India. (m/s 49)
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f) Senaraikan kesan akibat peristiwa Perang Kalinga semasa pemerintahan Asoka.
(m/s 45)
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Tamadun China
a) Namakan tokoh yang memainkan peranan penting dalam perluasan kuasa di China. (m/s 49)
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b) Apakah kejayaan Shih Huang Ti? (m/s 49)
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c) Apakah langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh Shih Hwang Ti untuk menyatukan
seluruh kecil di China? (m/s. 49 - 50)
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d) Mengikut pandangan anda, mengapakah perluasan kuasa tidak harus digalakkan
pada masa ini?
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EKONOMI
1.4 Perdagangan Tamadun India
Tamadun India
a) Nyatakan jenis barang dagangan yang diperdagangkan di peringkat dalaman
tamadun India pada masa tersebut. (m/s 51)
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b) Perkembangan pesat sektor ekonomi telah merangsangkan kewujudan persatuan
perdagangan dan perusahaan di setiap bandar iaitu sresthin
Nyatakan matlamat sresthin. (m/s 51)
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c) Senaraikan hasil yang diperolehi oleh pedagang India dari Alam Melayu dan
China pada zaman Gupta. (m/s 52)
Hasil dari Alam Melayu
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Hasil dari China
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d) Mengapakah ekonomi Tamadun India berkembang dengan pesat pada abad ke-3
SM? (m/s 51 - 52)
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e) Terangkan kegiatan ekonomi yang dijalankan dalam tamadun India. (ms 51-52 )
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e) Sebagai seorang pemimpin negara, bagaimana anda boleh membantu meningkatkan perkembangan ekonomi negara dengan pesat?
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SOSIAL
1.5 Pendidikan
Tamadun Yunani
a) Huraikan sistem pendidikan tamadun Yunani. (m/s 53-54)
Pendidikan di Athens
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Pendidikan di Sparta
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b) Namakan cendekiawan (sejarawan dan pemikir bidang sains dan teknologi) Yunani. (m/s 54)
Sejarawan
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Pemikir bidang sains dan teknologi
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Tamadun Rom
a) Huraikan sistem pendidikan di tamadun Rom. (m/s 54)
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Tamadun India
a) Jelaskan perkembangan sistem pendidikan dalam tamadun Indus. (m/s 54- 55 )
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c) Nyatakan cadangan bagaimana anda membolehkan membantu Malaysia
mencapai status negara maju.
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1.6 SUMBANGAN TAMADUN
Tamadun Yunani
a) Apakah sumbangan tamadun Yunani kepada tamadun hari ini dari aspek
pentadbiran ? (m/s 63-64)
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Tamadun Rom
b) Apakah sumbangan tamadun Rom kepada tamadun hari ini dari aspek pentadbiran? (m/s 64)
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c) Apakah sumbangan tamadun Yunani, Rom, India dan China dari aspek sains dan
teknologi kepada peradaban dunia? (m/s 64)
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d) Apakah sumbangan tamadun Yunani, Rom, India dan China dari aspek sosial
kepada peradaban dunia? (m/s 64)
Tamadun Yunani
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Tamadun Rom
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Tamadun China
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1.7 KEMUNCULAN AGAMA DAN AJARAN UTAMA DUNIA
a) Namakan kitab bagi agama-agama berikut. (m/s 65 - 67)
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iv) Agama Islam - ........................................................................................
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b) Siapakah pengasas bagi agama-agama berikut. ( m/s 65 - 68)
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c) Berikan nama tuhan-tuhan yang mempunyai fungsi utama dalam agama Hindu?
(m/s 65)
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d) Nyatakan prinsip-prinsip moral tinggi yang ditekankan dalam ajaran
Confucianisme. (m/s 67)
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e) Berikan kebenaran mulia dalam agama Buddha? (m/s 66)
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f) Sebutkan teras yang tedapat dalam agama Islam. (m/s 67)
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g) Nyatakan satu kandungan bagi setiap rukun yang diberikan dibawah mengikut
agama Islam. (m/s 67)
Rukun Iman
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h) Berdasarkan pengetahuan anda, apakah kepentingan agama?
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Jawapan Latihan Bab 1 Ting.4
Jawapan
a) Apakah ciri-ciri masyarakat Zaman Paleolitik? (ms. 2)
· hidup nomad / pinda-randah
· tinggal di tepi tasik / di tepi sungai / di dalam gua
· hidup dalam kelompok keluarga / secara berkumpulan
· memungut hasil hutan
· memburu binatang
· menangkap ikan
· alat-alat ciptaan mengutamakan fungsi daripada nilai estetika atau seni
b) Nyatakan petempatan awal Zaman Paleolitik. (ms. 2)
· Lenggong, Perak
· Kota Tampan, Perak
· Tingkayu (Sabah)
c) Apakah kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat Zaman Neolitik? (ms. 2-3)
· bercucuk tanam
· menternak binatang
· jual beli melalui sistem barter
· memungut hasil hutan
· memburu binatang
· menangkap ikan
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Zaman Paleolitik
Zaman Mesolitik
Zaman Neolitik
Zaman Logam
d) Nyatakan ciri-ciri peralatan Zaman Paleolitik. (ms. 2)
· peralatan batu yang kasar
· alatan batu mengutamakan fungsi daripada nilai estetika dan seni
e) Nyatakan ciri-ciri peralatan Zaman Neolitik. (ms.2)
· peralatan batu dilicinkan untuk pelbagai fungsi
· mencipta tembikar
· melebur logam untuk membuat pelbagai alat
f) Nyatakan dua tahap Zaman Logam. (ms. 3)
· Zaman Gangsa
· Zaman Besi
g) Sebutkan kejayaan manusia Zaman Logam. (ms. 3-4)
· berjaya mereka cipta perahu
· berjaya mereka cipta rumah
· meneroka lautan
· meningkatkan kegiatan perdagangan maritim
· mewujudkan petempatan besar
· mewujudkan kota pertahanan
h) Mengikut pengetahuan sejarah anda, apakah kelebihan atau keistimewaan
masyarakat Zaman Logam berbanding dengan Zaman Paleolitik?
· penggunaan alatan logam
· membina rumah
· membina perahu
· menjalankan perdagangan maritim
· hidup menetap / tidak hidup secara nomad
· muncul petempatan besar
· muncul kota pertahanan
· petempatan berkembang menjadi negara kota
1.2 Maksud Tamadun
a) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut bahasa Arab? (ms. 4)
· berasal daripada perkataan mudun dan madain
· mempunyai kaitan dengan perkataan madana
· bermaksud tinggi budi bahasa dan pembukaan bandar
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b) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut bahasa Inggeris? (ms. 4-5)
· mempunyai persamaan dengan civilization
· berasal daripada bahasa Greek, iaitu civitas
· bermaksud bandar
· tamadun boleh diertikan juga sebagai peradaban
c) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut masyarakat Barat? (ms. 5)
· tamadun dikaitkan dengan pembangunan lahiriah
· dalam hal kebudayaan seperti penulisan, undang-undang, kesenian dan pembandaran
· menurut Gordon Childe, pencapaian lahiriah merupakan kayu ukur kemajuan tamadun
sesebuah masyarakat
· Darrcy Riberio dan R.A. Buchanan menolak unsur rohaniah dan hanya menekankan
kepentingan dan pembangunan lahiriah dalam proses perkembangan tamadun
d) Apakah maksud tamadun menurut Islam? (ms. 5)
· tamadun mestilah merangkumi pembangunan lahiriah dan rohaniah
· Islam menekankan pembangunan lahiriah dan rohaniah
· untuk mengukur tahap ketamadunan sesebuah masyarakat
· menurut Syed Naquib al-Attas, tamadun ialah pencapaian tahap kesusilaan yang tinggi
dan kebudayaan yang luhur oleh sesebuah masyarakat
· disokong oleh Richard Sullivan
e) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut pandangan anda? (ms. 5)
· konsep tamadun tidak hanya mementingkan pencapaian berbentuk lahiriah seperti
kesenian dan pembinaan kota
· tetapi mesti diringi dengan pencapaian dalam aspek rohaniah, tatasusila dan moral
1.3 Tamadun Hwang Ho
1. Peningkatan dalam sistem pemerintahan Tamadun Hwang Ho merupakan antara
faktor penting yang membawa kepada perkembangan tamadun tersebut.
a) Jelaskan sistem pemerintahan yang diamalkan dalam tamadun Hwang Ho. (ms. 31)
Dinasti Shang
· sistem pemerintahan monarki / beraja
· pengganti raja dilantik daripada kalangan saudara lelaki yang lebih muda / anak
lelaki raja
· Raja-raja Shang mempunyai kewibawaan politik, ekonomi, sosial dan agama
· raja berkuasa di kawasan pusat pentadbiran
· percaya kuasa raja merupakan mandat daripada tuhan
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· masyarakat percaya jika raja memerintah dengan adil, kerajaan dan rakyat akan
menikmati kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan hidup kerana direstui tuhan.
· Raja-raja Shang tidak perlu mendapatkan pengesahan politik
· kerana mereka adalah daripada keturunan pemerintah agama
· masyarakat Hwang Ho percaya jika raja memerintah dengan adil, kerajaan dan
rakyat akan hidup makmur dan sejahtera / kan direstui tuhan
· masyarakat percaya pemerintah Shang hilang mandat jika berlaku zalim
· raja dibantu oleh golongan bangsawan dan pegawai kerajaan
· golongan bangsawan membantu mentadbir wilayah di luar pusat pentadbiran
· golongan bangsawan bertanggungjawab mentadbir wilayah
· golongan bangsawan mewujudkan sistem pemerintahannya sendiri
· contohnya pemungutan cukai, pertahanan dan undang-undang
Dinasti Chou
· diketuai oleh raja
· Raja-raja Dinasti Chou membahagikan pemilikan tanah kepada wilayah-wilayah
· melantik pembesar tempatan mengendalikan setiap wilayah
· Raja Chou dibantu ketua menteri dan
· enam badan yang mengurus soal pertanian, tentera, kerja awam, upacara agama, hal
ehwal monarki dan undang-undang
· pentadbiran peringkat wilayah dikendalikan oleh pembesar-pembesar feudal
· Raja Dinasti Chou mengikat pembesar tempatan melalui ikrar taat setia
· pembesar diberi hadiah kereta kuda, senjata gangsa, hamba dan binatang
· pembesar melindungi raja serta
· memberikan bantuan tentera pada masa perang
· pembesar diberi hak sebagai ketua agama dalam upacara pengorbanan
b) Nyatakan sumbangan Tamadun Hwang Ho kepada perkembangan dunia hari ini.
(ms. 32 - 33)
Dari segi politik
· mempengaruhi sistem pemerintahan China kuno
· sistem pemerintahan monaki
· diteruskan hingga zaman Dinasti Ching
· gelaran raja ditukar kepada maharaja
· konsep anak syurga / mandat dari syurga dikaitkan dengan raja / maharaja
· amalan putaran dinasti diteruskan oleh dinasti-dinasti di China hingga abad ke-20
Dari segi ekonomi
· pembinaan sistem pengairan
· prihatin terhadap pembangunan pertanian
· terusan dibina
· untuk mengairi kawasan pertanian
· mengelakkan berlakunya banjir
4
· kemajuan dalam teknologi pembajakan
· penciptaan cangkul
· sabit
· penggunaan batas untuk tujuan penanaman
· alat pertanian kayu digantikan dengan besi
Sistem tulisan
· masih digunakan orang Cina hingga hari ini
· penggunaannya meluas
· digunakan dalam bidang penulisan dan percetakan
· diajar di sekolah-sekolah di China
· penggunaan oleh orang Korea dan Jepun
Sistem kepercayaan
· pemujaan roh nenek moyang
· unsur pemujaan sejak zaman Shang diteruskan mengikut kesesuaian masa
· unsur korban manusia digantikan dengan unsur makanan / duit kertas / barangan
perhiasan
· konsep Yin dan Yang
· Feng Hsui
Sistem kalendar
· sistem kalendar diperkenalkan
· 30 hari sebulan / 360 hari setahun
· Raja menggunakan kalendar untuk menentukan musim menanam dan musim menuai
· kalendar digunakan untuk aktiviti harian / perkahwinan / perburuan / pengkebumian
Falsafah Perang Sun Tzu
· pengamalan falsafah perang Sun Tzu
· Karya the Art of War dicetak dalam pelbagai bahasa
· diaplikasi sebagai taktik dalam urusan perniagaan
c) Huraikan sistem organisasi sosial tamadun Hwang Ho. (ms. 30)
Lapisan paling atas
· memperlihatkan golongan raja dan pembesar
· diterajui oleh raja
Lapisan bawahan
· terdiri daripada golongan petani (mendiami kawasan luar bandar dan kawasan di
sekeliling negara kota)
5
· terdapat golongan artisan (mahir dalam teknologi gangsa seperti menghasilkan senjata,
perisai dan hiasan)
Golongan paling bawah
· hamba
d) Huraikan pengkhususan pekerjaan tamadun Hwang Ho. (ms. 30)
Peranan golongan pembesar
· golongan tentera mempunyai tentera
· iaitu tentera menggunakan kereta kuda dan tentera berjalan kaki
Peranan golongan petani
· golongan petani sebagai tonggak ekonomi dan pentadbiran
· berperanan memenuhi keperluan golongan atasan
Peranan golongan artisan
· golongan artisan mereka cipta pelbagai barangan tembaga seperti bekas minuman,
makanan, senjata dan barang tembikar
Peranan golongan hamba
· golongan hamba berfungsi sebagai tentera paksaan ,
· membantu kerja-kerja perburuhan
· untuk tujuan korban dalam upacara penyembahan
d) Mengikut pengetahuan anda, bagaimanakah karya Sun Tzu (The Art of War) dapat
membantu dalam pencapaian kemerlangan diri? (ms. 33)
· mengandungi strategi menangani musuh
· taktik dalam urusan perniagaan
· memupuk daya saing
· memupuk semangat juang
· memupuk semangat cinta akan diri
· berani menghadapi cabaran
e) Berdasarkan kemajuan sektor pertanian tamadun Hwang Ho, nyatakan langkahlangkah
yang boleh diamalkan dalam membangunkan serta memajukan sektor
pertanian negara kita.
· pilih pemimpin yang bijak untuk menguruskan sektor pertanian
6
· membina sistem pengairan yang baik
· gunakan benih yang bermutu / berkualita
· gunakan baja yang bersesuaian
· gunakan teknologi terkini / alat pertanian yang moden / jentera
· mengusahakan tanah yang terbiar
· bantuan modal diberikan kepada petani
· bantuan teknikal diberikan kepada petani
· mewujudkan pasaran yang meluas
· menggunaan teknik penanaman yang baik
· memberikan khidmat nasihat
· mengkomersialkan produk pertanian
(mana-mana jawapan yang munasabah)
a) Apakah ciri-ciri masyarakat Zaman Paleolitik? (ms. 2)
· hidup nomad / pinda-randah
· tinggal di tepi tasik / di tepi sungai / di dalam gua
· hidup dalam kelompok keluarga / secara berkumpulan
· memungut hasil hutan
· memburu binatang
· menangkap ikan
· alat-alat ciptaan mengutamakan fungsi daripada nilai estetika atau seni
b) Nyatakan petempatan awal Zaman Paleolitik. (ms. 2)
· Lenggong, Perak
· Kota Tampan, Perak
· Tingkayu (Sabah)
c) Apakah kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat Zaman Neolitik? (ms. 2-3)
· bercucuk tanam
· menternak binatang
· jual beli melalui sistem barter
· memungut hasil hutan
· memburu binatang
· menangkap ikan
1
Zaman Paleolitik
Zaman Mesolitik
Zaman Neolitik
Zaman Logam
d) Nyatakan ciri-ciri peralatan Zaman Paleolitik. (ms. 2)
· peralatan batu yang kasar
· alatan batu mengutamakan fungsi daripada nilai estetika dan seni
e) Nyatakan ciri-ciri peralatan Zaman Neolitik. (ms.2)
· peralatan batu dilicinkan untuk pelbagai fungsi
· mencipta tembikar
· melebur logam untuk membuat pelbagai alat
f) Nyatakan dua tahap Zaman Logam. (ms. 3)
· Zaman Gangsa
· Zaman Besi
g) Sebutkan kejayaan manusia Zaman Logam. (ms. 3-4)
· berjaya mereka cipta perahu
· berjaya mereka cipta rumah
· meneroka lautan
· meningkatkan kegiatan perdagangan maritim
· mewujudkan petempatan besar
· mewujudkan kota pertahanan
h) Mengikut pengetahuan sejarah anda, apakah kelebihan atau keistimewaan
masyarakat Zaman Logam berbanding dengan Zaman Paleolitik?
· penggunaan alatan logam
· membina rumah
· membina perahu
· menjalankan perdagangan maritim
· hidup menetap / tidak hidup secara nomad
· muncul petempatan besar
· muncul kota pertahanan
· petempatan berkembang menjadi negara kota
1.2 Maksud Tamadun
a) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut bahasa Arab? (ms. 4)
· berasal daripada perkataan mudun dan madain
· mempunyai kaitan dengan perkataan madana
· bermaksud tinggi budi bahasa dan pembukaan bandar
2
b) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut bahasa Inggeris? (ms. 4-5)
· mempunyai persamaan dengan civilization
· berasal daripada bahasa Greek, iaitu civitas
· bermaksud bandar
· tamadun boleh diertikan juga sebagai peradaban
c) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut masyarakat Barat? (ms. 5)
· tamadun dikaitkan dengan pembangunan lahiriah
· dalam hal kebudayaan seperti penulisan, undang-undang, kesenian dan pembandaran
· menurut Gordon Childe, pencapaian lahiriah merupakan kayu ukur kemajuan tamadun
sesebuah masyarakat
· Darrcy Riberio dan R.A. Buchanan menolak unsur rohaniah dan hanya menekankan
kepentingan dan pembangunan lahiriah dalam proses perkembangan tamadun
d) Apakah maksud tamadun menurut Islam? (ms. 5)
· tamadun mestilah merangkumi pembangunan lahiriah dan rohaniah
· Islam menekankan pembangunan lahiriah dan rohaniah
· untuk mengukur tahap ketamadunan sesebuah masyarakat
· menurut Syed Naquib al-Attas, tamadun ialah pencapaian tahap kesusilaan yang tinggi
dan kebudayaan yang luhur oleh sesebuah masyarakat
· disokong oleh Richard Sullivan
e) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut pandangan anda? (ms. 5)
· konsep tamadun tidak hanya mementingkan pencapaian berbentuk lahiriah seperti
kesenian dan pembinaan kota
· tetapi mesti diringi dengan pencapaian dalam aspek rohaniah, tatasusila dan moral
1.3 Tamadun Hwang Ho
1. Peningkatan dalam sistem pemerintahan Tamadun Hwang Ho merupakan antara
faktor penting yang membawa kepada perkembangan tamadun tersebut.
a) Jelaskan sistem pemerintahan yang diamalkan dalam tamadun Hwang Ho. (ms. 31)
Dinasti Shang
· sistem pemerintahan monarki / beraja
· pengganti raja dilantik daripada kalangan saudara lelaki yang lebih muda / anak
lelaki raja
· Raja-raja Shang mempunyai kewibawaan politik, ekonomi, sosial dan agama
· raja berkuasa di kawasan pusat pentadbiran
· percaya kuasa raja merupakan mandat daripada tuhan
3
· masyarakat percaya jika raja memerintah dengan adil, kerajaan dan rakyat akan
menikmati kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan hidup kerana direstui tuhan.
· Raja-raja Shang tidak perlu mendapatkan pengesahan politik
· kerana mereka adalah daripada keturunan pemerintah agama
· masyarakat Hwang Ho percaya jika raja memerintah dengan adil, kerajaan dan
rakyat akan hidup makmur dan sejahtera / kan direstui tuhan
· masyarakat percaya pemerintah Shang hilang mandat jika berlaku zalim
· raja dibantu oleh golongan bangsawan dan pegawai kerajaan
· golongan bangsawan membantu mentadbir wilayah di luar pusat pentadbiran
· golongan bangsawan bertanggungjawab mentadbir wilayah
· golongan bangsawan mewujudkan sistem pemerintahannya sendiri
· contohnya pemungutan cukai, pertahanan dan undang-undang
Dinasti Chou
· diketuai oleh raja
· Raja-raja Dinasti Chou membahagikan pemilikan tanah kepada wilayah-wilayah
· melantik pembesar tempatan mengendalikan setiap wilayah
· Raja Chou dibantu ketua menteri dan
· enam badan yang mengurus soal pertanian, tentera, kerja awam, upacara agama, hal
ehwal monarki dan undang-undang
· pentadbiran peringkat wilayah dikendalikan oleh pembesar-pembesar feudal
· Raja Dinasti Chou mengikat pembesar tempatan melalui ikrar taat setia
· pembesar diberi hadiah kereta kuda, senjata gangsa, hamba dan binatang
· pembesar melindungi raja serta
· memberikan bantuan tentera pada masa perang
· pembesar diberi hak sebagai ketua agama dalam upacara pengorbanan
b) Nyatakan sumbangan Tamadun Hwang Ho kepada perkembangan dunia hari ini.
(ms. 32 - 33)
Dari segi politik
· mempengaruhi sistem pemerintahan China kuno
· sistem pemerintahan monaki
· diteruskan hingga zaman Dinasti Ching
· gelaran raja ditukar kepada maharaja
· konsep anak syurga / mandat dari syurga dikaitkan dengan raja / maharaja
· amalan putaran dinasti diteruskan oleh dinasti-dinasti di China hingga abad ke-20
Dari segi ekonomi
· pembinaan sistem pengairan
· prihatin terhadap pembangunan pertanian
· terusan dibina
· untuk mengairi kawasan pertanian
· mengelakkan berlakunya banjir
4
· kemajuan dalam teknologi pembajakan
· penciptaan cangkul
· sabit
· penggunaan batas untuk tujuan penanaman
· alat pertanian kayu digantikan dengan besi
Sistem tulisan
· masih digunakan orang Cina hingga hari ini
· penggunaannya meluas
· digunakan dalam bidang penulisan dan percetakan
· diajar di sekolah-sekolah di China
· penggunaan oleh orang Korea dan Jepun
Sistem kepercayaan
· pemujaan roh nenek moyang
· unsur pemujaan sejak zaman Shang diteruskan mengikut kesesuaian masa
· unsur korban manusia digantikan dengan unsur makanan / duit kertas / barangan
perhiasan
· konsep Yin dan Yang
· Feng Hsui
Sistem kalendar
· sistem kalendar diperkenalkan
· 30 hari sebulan / 360 hari setahun
· Raja menggunakan kalendar untuk menentukan musim menanam dan musim menuai
· kalendar digunakan untuk aktiviti harian / perkahwinan / perburuan / pengkebumian
Falsafah Perang Sun Tzu
· pengamalan falsafah perang Sun Tzu
· Karya the Art of War dicetak dalam pelbagai bahasa
· diaplikasi sebagai taktik dalam urusan perniagaan
c) Huraikan sistem organisasi sosial tamadun Hwang Ho. (ms. 30)
Lapisan paling atas
· memperlihatkan golongan raja dan pembesar
· diterajui oleh raja
Lapisan bawahan
· terdiri daripada golongan petani (mendiami kawasan luar bandar dan kawasan di
sekeliling negara kota)
5
· terdapat golongan artisan (mahir dalam teknologi gangsa seperti menghasilkan senjata,
perisai dan hiasan)
Golongan paling bawah
· hamba
d) Huraikan pengkhususan pekerjaan tamadun Hwang Ho. (ms. 30)
Peranan golongan pembesar
· golongan tentera mempunyai tentera
· iaitu tentera menggunakan kereta kuda dan tentera berjalan kaki
Peranan golongan petani
· golongan petani sebagai tonggak ekonomi dan pentadbiran
· berperanan memenuhi keperluan golongan atasan
Peranan golongan artisan
· golongan artisan mereka cipta pelbagai barangan tembaga seperti bekas minuman,
makanan, senjata dan barang tembikar
Peranan golongan hamba
· golongan hamba berfungsi sebagai tentera paksaan ,
· membantu kerja-kerja perburuhan
· untuk tujuan korban dalam upacara penyembahan
d) Mengikut pengetahuan anda, bagaimanakah karya Sun Tzu (The Art of War) dapat
membantu dalam pencapaian kemerlangan diri? (ms. 33)
· mengandungi strategi menangani musuh
· taktik dalam urusan perniagaan
· memupuk daya saing
· memupuk semangat juang
· memupuk semangat cinta akan diri
· berani menghadapi cabaran
e) Berdasarkan kemajuan sektor pertanian tamadun Hwang Ho, nyatakan langkahlangkah
yang boleh diamalkan dalam membangunkan serta memajukan sektor
pertanian negara kita.
· pilih pemimpin yang bijak untuk menguruskan sektor pertanian
6
· membina sistem pengairan yang baik
· gunakan benih yang bermutu / berkualita
· gunakan baja yang bersesuaian
· gunakan teknologi terkini / alat pertanian yang moden / jentera
· mengusahakan tanah yang terbiar
· bantuan modal diberikan kepada petani
· bantuan teknikal diberikan kepada petani
· mewujudkan pasaran yang meluas
· menggunaan teknik penanaman yang baik
· memberikan khidmat nasihat
· mengkomersialkan produk pertanian
(mana-mana jawapan yang munasabah)
Khamis, 17 Januari 2013
Latihan 1 Pelajar Tingkatan 4 Adil 2
TINGKATAN 4
BAB 1 : KEMUNCULAN TAMADUN AWAL MANUSIA
Analisis Kendiri Pelajar
Tandakan [√] pada ruangan di bawah.
Sub Tajuk Cemerlang Baik Sederhana
1.1 Zaman Prasejarah
1.2 Makna Tamadun
1.3 Tamadun Hwang Ho
1.1 Zaman Prasejarah
1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tahap Zaman Prasejarah. (m/s 2 - 4)
a) Apakah ciri-ciri masyarakat Zaman Paleolitik? (m/s 2)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
vii ..............................................................................................................................
1
Zaman Paleolitik
Zaman Mesolitik
Zaman Neolitik
Zaman Logam
b) Nyatakan petempatan awal Zaman Paleolitik. (m/s 2)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
c) Apakah kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat Zaman Neolitik? (m/s 2-3)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
d) Nyatakan ciri-ciri peralatan Zaman Paleolitik. (m/s 2)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
e) Nyatakan ciri-ciri peralatan Zaman Neolitik. (m/s 2)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
e) Nyatakan dua tahap Zaman Logam. (m/s 3)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
f) Sebutkan kejayaan manusia Zaman Logam. (m/s 3-4)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
2
g) Mengikut pengetahuan sejarah anda, apakah kelebihan atau keistimewaan
masyarakat Zaman Logam berbanding dengan Zaman Paleolitik?
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
vii ..............................................................................................................................
viii..............................................................................................................................
1.2 Maksud Tamadun
a) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut bahasa Arab? (m/s 4)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
b) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut bahasa Inggeris? (m/s 4-5)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
c) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut masyarakat Barat? (m/s 5)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
d) Apakah maksud tamadun menurut Islam? (m/s 5)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
3
e) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut pandangan anda? (m/s 5)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
1.3 Tamadun Hwang Ho
1. Peningkatan dalam sistem pemerintahan Tamadun Hwang Ho merupakan antara
faktor penting yang membawa kepada perkembangan tamadun tersebut.
(a) Jelaskan sistem pemerintahan yang diamalkan dalam tamadun Hwang Ho. (m/s 31)
Dinasti Shang
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
vii ..............................................................................................................................
viii ...............................................................................................................................
ix ...............................................................................................................................
x ..............................................................................................................................
xi ..............................................................................................................................
xii ...............................................................................................................................
xiii ..............................................................................................................................
xiv ..............................................................................................................................
xv ...............................................................................................................................
Dinasti Chou
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
vii ..............................................................................................................................
4
viii ...............................................................................................................................
ix .................................................................................................................................
x ..................................................................................................................................
(b) Nyatakan sumbangan Tamadun Hwang Ho kepada perkembangan dunia hari ini.
(m/s 32 - 33)
Dari segi politik
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
Dari segi ekonomi
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
vii ..............................................................................................................................
viii ...............................................................................................................................
ix ...............................................................................................................................
x ..............................................................................................................................
Sistem tulisan
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
5
Sistem kepercayaan
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
Sistem kalendar
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
Falsafah Perang Sun Tzu
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
c) Huraikan sistem organisasi sosial tamadun Hwang Ho. (m/s 30)
Lapisan paling atas
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
Lapisan bawahan
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ...............................................................................................................................
iv ...............................................................................................................................
6
Peranan golongan artisan
i ...............................................................................................................................
Peranan golongan hamba
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
d) Mengikut pengetahuan anda, bagaimanakah karya Sun Tzu (The Art of War) dapat
membantu dalam pencapaian kemerlangan diri? (m/s 33)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
e) Berdasarkan kemajuan sektor pertanian tamadun Hwang Ho, nyatakan langkahlangkah
yang boleh diamalkan dalam membangunkan serta memajukan sektor
pertanian negara kita.
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
vii ..............................................................................................................................
viii ...............................................................................................................................
ix ...............................................................................................................................
x ..............................................................................................................................
xi ..............................................................................................................................
xii ..........................................
BAB 1 : KEMUNCULAN TAMADUN AWAL MANUSIA
Analisis Kendiri Pelajar
Tandakan [√] pada ruangan di bawah.
Sub Tajuk Cemerlang Baik Sederhana
1.1 Zaman Prasejarah
1.2 Makna Tamadun
1.3 Tamadun Hwang Ho
1.1 Zaman Prasejarah
1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tahap Zaman Prasejarah. (m/s 2 - 4)
a) Apakah ciri-ciri masyarakat Zaman Paleolitik? (m/s 2)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
vii ..............................................................................................................................
1
Zaman Paleolitik
Zaman Mesolitik
Zaman Neolitik
Zaman Logam
b) Nyatakan petempatan awal Zaman Paleolitik. (m/s 2)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
c) Apakah kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat Zaman Neolitik? (m/s 2-3)
i ...............................................................................................................................
ii ...............................................................................................................................
iii ..............................................................................................................................
iv ..............................................................................................................................
v ...............................................................................................................................
vi ..............................................................................................................................
d) Nyatakan ciri-ciri peralatan Zaman Paleolitik. (m/s 2)
i ...............................................................................................................................
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e) Nyatakan ciri-ciri peralatan Zaman Neolitik. (m/s 2)
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e) Nyatakan dua tahap Zaman Logam. (m/s 3)
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f) Sebutkan kejayaan manusia Zaman Logam. (m/s 3-4)
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2
g) Mengikut pengetahuan sejarah anda, apakah kelebihan atau keistimewaan
masyarakat Zaman Logam berbanding dengan Zaman Paleolitik?
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1.2 Maksud Tamadun
a) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut bahasa Arab? (m/s 4)
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b) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut bahasa Inggeris? (m/s 4-5)
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c) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut masyarakat Barat? (m/s 5)
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d) Apakah maksud tamadun menurut Islam? (m/s 5)
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e) Apakah maksud tamadun mengikut pandangan anda? (m/s 5)
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1.3 Tamadun Hwang Ho
1. Peningkatan dalam sistem pemerintahan Tamadun Hwang Ho merupakan antara
faktor penting yang membawa kepada perkembangan tamadun tersebut.
(a) Jelaskan sistem pemerintahan yang diamalkan dalam tamadun Hwang Ho. (m/s 31)
Dinasti Shang
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Dinasti Chou
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(b) Nyatakan sumbangan Tamadun Hwang Ho kepada perkembangan dunia hari ini.
(m/s 32 - 33)
Dari segi politik
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Dari segi ekonomi
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Sistem tulisan
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5
Sistem kepercayaan
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Sistem kalendar
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Falsafah Perang Sun Tzu
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c) Huraikan sistem organisasi sosial tamadun Hwang Ho. (m/s 30)
Lapisan paling atas
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Lapisan bawahan
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Peranan golongan artisan
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Peranan golongan hamba
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d) Mengikut pengetahuan anda, bagaimanakah karya Sun Tzu (The Art of War) dapat
membantu dalam pencapaian kemerlangan diri? (m/s 33)
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e) Berdasarkan kemajuan sektor pertanian tamadun Hwang Ho, nyatakan langkahlangkah
yang boleh diamalkan dalam membangunkan serta memajukan sektor
pertanian negara kita.
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Sabtu, 5 Januari 2013
Laman Web Buku Teks Sejarah Tingkatan 4
Berikut
adalah senarai laman web sebagaimana yang terdapat di dalam buku teks
Sejarah tingkatan 4.
Klik je senarai link di bawah, laman web berkenaan akan terus terpapar.
Okey, Selamat Melayari laman web berkenaan. Moga P&P Sejarah bertambah seronok dengan pelbagai maklumat & gambar yang berkaitan.
BAB 1: KEMUNCULAN TAMADUN AWAL MANUSIA
Tamadun Purba (India, Mesir Purba, Indus, Hwang Ho, China, Yunani / Greece dan Rom (Teks 9)
Mesopotamia
Sejarah Penulisan
Mesir Purba
Tamadun Indus
China Purba
BAB 2: PENINGKATAN TAMADUN
Tamadun Yunani
Rom (teks 40)
Sumber Visual Tamadun China (teks 41)
Sejarah Arkitek Landskap (teks 59)
BAB 3: TAMADUN AWAL ASIA TENGGARA
Asal usul Angkor (teks 76)
Srivijaya (teks 87)
Monumen di Asia Tenggara (Burma, Thailand, Kemboja dan Vietnam) ((teks 89)
Angkor Wat (teks 89)
Borobudur (teks 90)
Lembah Bujang (teks 91)
BAB 4: KEMUNCULAN TAMADUN DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA DI MAKKAH
Dunia Islam Sehingga 1600 (teks 100)
BAB 5: KERAJAAN ISLAM DI MADINAH
Dunia Islam Sehingga 1600 (teks 119)
Kepentingan Hijrah (teks 122)
Piagam Madinah (teks 127)
BAB 6: PEMBENTUKAN KERAJAAN ISLAM DAN SUMBANGANNYA
Dunia Islam Sehingga 1600 (teks 142)
Khulafa al-Rasyidin (teks 144)
Peta-peta Bersejarah Mengenai Dunia Islam
(teks 144)
(teks 144)
Islam (teks 170)
BAB 7: ISLAM DI ASIA TENGGARA
Baitulmal (teks 192)
Ekonomi Islam (teks 192)
Sumbangan Islam (teks 192)
BAB 8: PEMBAHARUAN DAN PENGARUH ISLAM DI MALAYSIA SEBELUM KEDATANGAN BARAT
Artikel Surat Khabar Tentang Islam & Isu Semasa (teks 208)
Islam di Malaysia (teks 212)
BAB 9: PERKEMBANGAN DI EROPAH
Renaissance di Alam Maya (teks 217)
A Journey Through the Renaissance (teks 220) – (Kuiz Zaman Renaissance)
Dunia Moden Awal (teks 223)
BAB 10: DASAR BRITISH DAN KESANNYA TERHADAP EKONOMI NEGARA
Ekonomi Malaysia (teks 246)
http://arkib.gov.my/
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